- Mature height
- 20m to 25m
- Mature width
- 4m to 6m
Araucaria columnaris, the Cook Pine, is a narrow evergreen conifer from New Caledonia. Short needle-like foliage is held in dense horizontal tiers around a slender, almost telegraph-pole trunk, giving a strict columnar outline. Mature trees lean consistently toward the equator, an odd habit that makes an established row instantly recognisable.
It reaches 20 to 25 metres tall and only 4 to 6 metres wide, growing 40 to 70 centimetres a year. Full sun, free draining sandy soil and open exposure suit it, and it shrugs off salt spray and strong coastal wind. It is frost sensitive, so it belongs in frost-free coastal, subtropical and tropical districts.
The vertical form makes it a natural choice for avenue planting, civic and resort landscapes, and feature positions where a strong upright line is wanted. It casts a narrow shadow, so it can be used close to paths and buildings. Allow 3 metres for an avenue and 3 to 4 metres for freestanding specimens.
Frequently Asked Questions
About Cook Pine
What is Araucaria columnaris?
Araucaria columnaris, the Cook Pine, is an evergreen conifer from New Caledonia in the family Araucariaceae. It has a strongly columnar habit, with short needle-like foliage arranged in dense tiers along horizontal branches. Being a conifer it produces cones rather than flowers, and it holds its foliage all year.
How big does Cook Pine grow?
It reaches 20 to 25 metres tall with a spread of only 4 to 6 metres, so it takes up very little ground area for its height. That narrow footprint is the reason it is used in tight avenues and courtyards. Give it room above rather than beside, and keep it clear of overhead services.
How fast does Cook Pine grow?
It grows around 40 to 70 centimetres a year in warm coastal conditions, which is fast for a conifer. Growth slows in cold or dry inland positions. Advanced stock in larger containers already carries the tiered branching that gives the tree its character, so the effect is immediate rather than something to wait for.
Is Cook Pine suitable for coastal positions?
It is one of the better conifers for exposed coastal sites. It tolerates salt spray, sandy soil and constant onshore wind, and holds its symmetrical form where broadleaf trees become wind-shorn. It is widely planted along foreshores and around resorts in northern Australia for exactly that reason.
Is Cook Pine frost tolerant?
No. It is frost sensitive and best kept to frost-free positions. Young trees can be killed outright by a hard frost, and even established trees show foliage burn after cold nights. In marginal districts, plant it in a sheltered courtyard with warmth radiating from nearby walls, or choose a hardier conifer instead.
Does Cook Pine have invasive roots?
Its roots are not aggressive in the way that figs or willows are, but a tree of this height develops a substantial anchoring system. Allow at least 3 to 4 metres between the trunk and any slab, wall or pipe run. On sandy coastal soils the surface roots spread wider in search of moisture.
How do I care for Cook Pine?
Water regularly for the first two years while the root system establishes, then it needs very little. Do not prune the leader, since the tree will not replace it and the shape is lost permanently. Remove only dead lower branches. A light application of complete fertiliser in spring is enough on poor sandy soils.