Most loved for its broad canopy and spectacular purple to deep-red autumn foliage.
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Height guide disclaimer: Height ranges are approximate only. As living products, plant heights naturally vary between individual plants, batches, and seasons. No guarantee is given that supplied plants will fall within the stated range. If minimum heights are required, you mustconfirm current batch heights with Evergreen Trees Direct prior to purchase. Variation in height is normal and is not grounds for return, refund, replacement, or compensation.
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Fraxinus americana, known as White Ash, is a large deciduous tree with an upright trunk and a broad, spreading crown. The pinnate leaves are dark green above and pale beneath, colouring through purple, burgundy and gold in autumn. Clusters of small purple flowers open on bare wood in spring, ahead of the new foliage.
Give it full sun and a deep, free draining soil, with steady water through the first few summers. It is frost hardy and comes through heavy, frequent frost undamaged, which suits cool temperate and inland areas including Victoria, Tasmania, the tablelands and the ACT. Growth is moderate to fast at 80 to 120 centimetres a year.
At 15 to 20 metres tall and 10 to 15 metres wide, this is a tree for open ground: parks, reserves, rural driveways, school grounds and large gardens. It needs room to spread and clear space above for the crown to develop. Where that space exists it returns deep summer shade and a long autumn display for generations.
About White Ash
White Ash is the common name for Fraxinus americana, a deciduous shade tree from eastern North America. It carries pinnate leaves on a straight trunk and a wide, high branching canopy, and it is grown here mainly for its autumn colour, which runs through purple and burgundy to gold. It is a long lived tree rather than a quick fix.
Mature trees reach 15 to 20 metres tall with a canopy 10 to 15 metres wide. That size takes decades, and in average garden soil the tree often settles at the lower end of the range. Allow the full width when siting it, because a crown of that size cannot be pruned back to fit a small space later.
Growth is moderate to fast, around 80 to 120 centimetres a year through the establishment years on good soil with adequate water. It slows as the tree puts energy into trunk and crown structure. Poor drainage, competition from turf and dry summers all reduce that figure, so mulch and water well for the first three seasons.
Yes. White Ash is frost hardy and survives heavy and frequent frost without damage, which is why it performs well in the southern tablelands, alpine valleys and cold inland towns. Being deciduous, it is bare when the hardest frosts arrive, so the buds and wood carry the load rather than soft foliage. Late spring frost may burn new leaves briefly.
Autumn colour usually develops from April into June depending on how cool the district is. The leaves shift from dark green to purple and burgundy, often with gold and bronze in the same canopy, then fall over a few weeks. Cold nights and a dry autumn sharpen the colour; warm coastal autumns give a softer result.
The root system is vigorous and largely shallow, spreading well beyond the canopy line in search of water. Keep the tree a good distance from house footings, paving, retaining walls and sewer or stormwater lines, and avoid planting it in narrow garden beds. In open lawn, park or paddock situations the roots cause no trouble.
Water deeply through the first three summers and keep a mulch ring clear of the trunk. Prune in late winter while the tree is bare, removing crossing limbs and any competing leaders to build one strong central trunk. Once established it needs little beyond removing deadwood. Raking or mulching the autumn leaf fall is usually the main ongoing job.
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Fraxinus americana, known as White Ash, is a large deciduous tree with an upright trunk and a broad, spreading crown. The pinnate leaves are dark green above and pale beneath, colouring through purple, burgundy and gold in autumn. Clusters of small purple flowers open on bare wood in spring, ahead of the new foliage.
Give it full sun and a deep, free draining soil, with steady water through the first few summers. It is frost hardy and comes through heavy, frequent frost undamaged, which suits cool temperate and inland areas including Victoria, Tasmania, the tablelands and the ACT. Growth is moderate to fast at 80 to 120 centimetres a year.
At 15 to 20 metres tall and 10 to 15 metres wide, this is a tree for open ground: parks, reserves, rural driveways, school grounds and large gardens. It needs room to spread and clear space above for the crown to develop. Where that space exists it returns deep summer shade and a long autumn display for generations.
About White Ash
White Ash is the common name for Fraxinus americana, a deciduous shade tree from eastern North America. It carries pinnate leaves on a straight trunk and a wide, high branching canopy, and it is grown here mainly for its autumn colour, which runs through purple and burgundy to gold. It is a long lived tree rather than a quick fix.
Mature trees reach 15 to 20 metres tall with a canopy 10 to 15 metres wide. That size takes decades, and in average garden soil the tree often settles at the lower end of the range. Allow the full width when siting it, because a crown of that size cannot be pruned back to fit a small space later.
Growth is moderate to fast, around 80 to 120 centimetres a year through the establishment years on good soil with adequate water. It slows as the tree puts energy into trunk and crown structure. Poor drainage, competition from turf and dry summers all reduce that figure, so mulch and water well for the first three seasons.
Yes. White Ash is frost hardy and survives heavy and frequent frost without damage, which is why it performs well in the southern tablelands, alpine valleys and cold inland towns. Being deciduous, it is bare when the hardest frosts arrive, so the buds and wood carry the load rather than soft foliage. Late spring frost may burn new leaves briefly.
Autumn colour usually develops from April into June depending on how cool the district is. The leaves shift from dark green to purple and burgundy, often with gold and bronze in the same canopy, then fall over a few weeks. Cold nights and a dry autumn sharpen the colour; warm coastal autumns give a softer result.
The root system is vigorous and largely shallow, spreading well beyond the canopy line in search of water. Keep the tree a good distance from house footings, paving, retaining walls and sewer or stormwater lines, and avoid planting it in narrow garden beds. In open lawn, park or paddock situations the roots cause no trouble.
Water deeply through the first three summers and keep a mulch ring clear of the trunk. Prune in late winter while the tree is bare, removing crossing limbs and any competing leaders to build one strong central trunk. Once established it needs little beyond removing deadwood. Raking or mulching the autumn leaf fall is usually the main ongoing job.
Deciduous (Defoliates throughout colder months)
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is expected to grow 80cm to 120cm per year (moderate to fast).
Fraxinus americana – White Ash works in an:
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is an Deciduous (Defoliates throughout colder months) Tree
Mature Height: 15m to 25m (approx.)
Mature Width: 10m to 15m
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is expected to grow 80cm to 120cm per year (moderate to fast).
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is expected to grow 80cm to 120cm per year (moderate to fast).
They are considered to have a:
Is Fraxinus americana – White Ash frost tolerant?
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is Frost Hardy – Survives heavy and frequent frost without damage.
Fraxinus americana produces small, inconspicuous greenish-purple flowers in mid-spring. These modest blooms appear on bare branches before the leaves emerge and contribute quietly to the tree’s seasonal cycle rather than offering ornamental display.
Does Fraxinus americana – White Ash flower?
Flowering Period:
Flower Type:
Flower Colour:
Purple
No
Fraxinus americana – White Ash is Native to Eastern and central North America, from Canada through the United States, where it grows in upland forests, valleys, and well-drained soils.
Its seeds (samaras) provide food for birds and small mammals, while the broad, spreading canopy offers excellent nesting and shelter opportunities for small birds. The textured bark and leaf litter also support insects and microfauna, contributing to a biodiverse woodland-style garden ecosystem.
Fraxinus americana – White Ash will thrive best in:
Fraxinus americana performs best in deep, well-drained loam or sandy loam soils and prefers slightly acidic to neutral conditions. It may struggle in compacted clay or very dry soils unless improved with organic matter to increase moisture retention and aeration. Keep soil evenly moist during establishment, then provide deep, occasional watering as the tree matures to support strong growth, healthy foliage and long-term performance.
Is Fraxinus americana – White Ash Drought tolerant?
As a young tree it requires regular watering, and once established White Ash develops moderate drought tolerance. It performs best in temperate climates with deep, occasional watering during extended dry periods to maintain canopy health, vigour and reliable autumn colour.
Approx. 1.5m – 1.8m
Photographs are not to scale. Heights are approximate and vary between individual trees.
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Enriched Planting Mix is a certified organic blend of Pure Magic Compost, composted animal manure, gypsum, composted coarse bark and a wetting agent, bagged in 30L. It is built to be dug through existing garden soil at planting time rather than used on its own, and the gypsum is what sets it apart from a plain compost.
Gypsum helps break up heavy clay so water and roots can move through it, while the compost and manure return organic matter and nutrient to tired ground. The coarse bark holds structure and keeps air around the root zone, and the wetting agent keeps moisture in the soil longer after rain or watering.
Use it when planting trees, shrubs, roses, fruit trees and exotic garden plants, particularly into clay. Dig a hole twice the width of the pot and 7 centimetres deeper, then mix roughly one third planting mix through the excavated soil. Spread 7 centimetres of that improved soil in the base before setting the plant in.
About Enriched Planting Mix
It is a blend of Pure Magic Compost, composted animal manure, gypsum, composted coarse bark and a wetting agent. Each part has a job. The compost and manure supply organic matter and nutrient, the gypsum works on clay structure, the bark keeps air around the roots and the wetting agent holds moisture in the soil.
It suits exotic garden plants, including roses, ornamental and deciduous trees, fruit trees, shrubs and perennials, and it earns its keep most on heavy clay sites. It is a planting mix rather than a potting mix, so its job is improving soil at planting time. Phosphorus sensitive natives are the one clear exception.
No, not for the phosphorus sensitive ones. The composted animal manure in this blend lifts phosphorus well above what Proteaceae such as Banksia, Grevillea, Hakea and Protea will tolerate, and the result can be leaf burn, dieback and plant death. Use the Native Potting Mix for those species, or plant them into unimproved local soil.
Yes. It is a certified organic product with no chemical additives, which is why the manure and compost in it are fully composted rather than raw. That makes it sound around fruit trees and vegetable beds, and it means you are adding genuine organic matter to your soil rather than a synthetic conditioner.
Work on roughly one third planting mix to two thirds of the soil you dug out of the hole. For a shrub out of a 200 millimetre pot that is only a few litres. An advanced tree going into a large hole will take considerably more. Judge the quantity by the volume of the hole rather than the size of the plant.
It is not a potting mix and should not be used on its own in a container. The blend is designed to be diluted through garden soil, and used straight in a pot it holds too much water and settles badly. For containers, reach for a premium potting mix, or the native mix if you are potting natives.
Yes. Water the plant well several hours before you plant it, then water thoroughly again once the hole is backfilled and the soil firmed down. That first deep watering settles the improved soil around the root ball and drives out air pockets. Keep the water up over the first few months while the roots establish.
Enriched Planting Mix is a certified organic blend of Pure Magic Compost, composted animal manure, gypsum, composted coarse bark and a wetting agent, bagged in 30L. It is built to be dug through existing garden soil at planting time rather than used on its own, and the gypsum is what sets it apart from a plain compost.
Gypsum helps break up heavy clay so water and roots can move through it, while the compost and manure return organic matter and nutrient to tired ground. The coarse bark holds structure and keeps air around the root zone, and the wetting agent keeps moisture in the soil longer after rain or watering.
Use it when planting trees, shrubs, roses, fruit trees and exotic garden plants, particularly into clay. Dig a hole twice the width of the pot and 7 centimetres deeper, then mix roughly one third planting mix through the excavated soil. Spread 7 centimetres of that improved soil in the base before setting the plant in.
About Enriched Planting Mix
It is a blend of Pure Magic Compost, composted animal manure, gypsum, composted coarse bark and a wetting agent. Each part has a job. The compost and manure supply organic matter and nutrient, the gypsum works on clay structure, the bark keeps air around the roots and the wetting agent holds moisture in the soil.
It suits exotic garden plants, including roses, ornamental and deciduous trees, fruit trees, shrubs and perennials, and it earns its keep most on heavy clay sites. It is a planting mix rather than a potting mix, so its job is improving soil at planting time. Phosphorus sensitive natives are the one clear exception.
No, not for the phosphorus sensitive ones. The composted animal manure in this blend lifts phosphorus well above what Proteaceae such as Banksia, Grevillea, Hakea and Protea will tolerate, and the result can be leaf burn, dieback and plant death. Use the Native Potting Mix for those species, or plant them into unimproved local soil.
Yes. It is a certified organic product with no chemical additives, which is why the manure and compost in it are fully composted rather than raw. That makes it sound around fruit trees and vegetable beds, and it means you are adding genuine organic matter to your soil rather than a synthetic conditioner.
Work on roughly one third planting mix to two thirds of the soil you dug out of the hole. For a shrub out of a 200 millimetre pot that is only a few litres. An advanced tree going into a large hole will take considerably more. Judge the quantity by the volume of the hole rather than the size of the plant.
It is not a potting mix and should not be used on its own in a container. The blend is designed to be diluted through garden soil, and used straight in a pot it holds too much water and settles badly. For containers, reach for a premium potting mix, or the native mix if you are potting natives.
Yes. Water the plant well several hours before you plant it, then water thoroughly again once the hole is backfilled and the soil firmed down. That first deep watering settles the improved soil around the root ball and drives out air pockets. Keep the water up over the first few months while the roots establish.
Buxus sempervirens English Box Topiary Balls are pre-clipped formal evergreen specimens, available in three mature sizes and ready to place. The tight, fine, dark green foliage holds a precise rounded form year-round and gives the classic formal topiary look that no other Buxus replicates. As one of our most consistently strong-selling products, our English Box topiary balls are well-shaped, well-rooted, and arrive in proportion to the pot size.
English Box performs best in cool to temperate climates and is slow growing at around 15 to 25 cm per year in good conditions, which is exactly why it holds sharp formal shapes so well. It thrives in full sun to part shade with well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral loamy soil, and is frost hardy, drought tolerant once established, and excellent in containers. Two light clips per year, in spring and again in late summer, keep the ball form crisp.
Use them flanking entrances, lining formal pathways, anchoring symmetrical garden beds, defining parterre and knot gardens, and in pairs in classic urns and decorative pots at front doors. Buxus sempervirens is the original topiary plant and remains the benchmark for traditional and contemporary formal design, with a level of finesse and density that fast-growing alternatives cannot replicate.
About Buxus sempervirens English Box Topiary Balls
Our English Box topiary balls arrive pre-clipped and ready to place at the size you order. The 30cm/33cm pots have ball diameters of approximately 30 to 45 cm, the 40cm/45L pots have ball diameters of 40 to 55 cm, and the 50cm/75L pots have ball diameters of 50 to 70 cm. They are well-rooted and in proportion to the pot.
English Box is slow-growing, adding approximately 15 to 25 cm per year once established in good conditions. This slow growth rate is one of the reasons it holds sharp formal shapes so well, and why mature pre-clipped specimens command a premium over seedling-grown stock.
English Box (Buxus sempervirens) has the smallest, finest leaves and the tightest formal texture, ideal for traditional parterres and clipped balls. Japanese Box (Buxus microphylla japonica) has slightly larger leaves, grows faster, and handles heat better. Shaggy Box (Buxus bodinieri) has soft, rounded leaves, much better blight resistance, and is the best choice for humid subtropical climates where English Box can struggle.
English Box performs best in cool to temperate regions including Victoria, the ACT, the NSW Southern Highlands and Central Tablelands, Tasmania, and the elevated parts of South Australia and Western Australia. In humid coastal or hot subtropical regions, consider Buxus bodinieri Shaggy Box or Japanese Box instead for better long-term performance.
Lightly clip in spring and again in late summer or early autumn to maintain the ball shape. Avoid pruning in the heat of summer or during frost periods. Use sharp shears for the cleanest formal finish, and step back regularly to check the symmetry of the form.
Yes. English Box is the classic potted topiary plant and pre-clipped balls look particularly striking in pairs at entrances and on terraces. Use a minimum 30L pot for the 30cm/33cm size and scale up from there, with a quality potting mix and a slow-release fertiliser applied twice yearly.
English Box can be affected by box blight, particularly in humid conditions where foliage stays wet. To reduce risk, ensure good air circulation around each plant, avoid overhead watering, and prune to maintain airflow through the canopy. In high-humidity regions, Buxus bodinieri Shaggy Box is a more disease-resistant alternative.
Ligularia reniformis carries enormous glossy kidney-shaped leaves that give a shaded garden the bold tropical texture usually only available in full sun. The Tractor Seat Plant is grown for foliage first, with tall stems of bright yellow daisy flowers through summer as a bonus.
Ligularia reniformis forms a clump 0.6 to 1 metre tall and 1 to 1.5 metres wide, spreading slowly at 10 to 20 centimetres per year. That steady habit makes it reliable as a mass underplanting beneath established trees, an edging along a shaded path, or a single specimen in a large pot.
This is a full shade plant. It wants consistent moisture and protection from hot afternoon sun, which scorches the leaves, and it is frost sensitive, so in cold districts it needs a protected position. Given shade and water it is close to maintenance free.
About Ligularia reniformis
It forms a clump 0.6 to 1 metre tall and 1 to 1.5 metres wide. The individual leaves can reach 40 centimetres across, which is where the bold texture comes from.
The common name comes from the large round kidney-shaped leaves, which resemble the seat of an old tractor. The botanical name reniformis means kidney-shaped.
Yes. It performs best in full shade and will scorch in hot afternoon sun. It is one of the most useful foliage plants available for genuinely dark positions.
Tall stems of bright yellow daisy-like flowers rise well above the foliage through summer. The foliage remains the main feature for the rest of the year.
No. It is frost sensitive and may be damaged by frost. In cold districts plant it in a protected position, or grow it in a pot that can be moved under cover.
It wants consistently moist soil and does not tolerate drying out. Mulch well and water regularly through summer, particularly in pots and under established trees where roots compete.
Plant 0.8 to 1 metre apart for a continuous shaded groundcover mass. Closer spacing fills in faster but the clumps will crowd within a few seasons.
Rhaphiolepis indica 'Oriental Pearl' is one of the best compact evergreen shrubs available for low hedges and borders. The glossy dark green foliage forms a naturally tidy rounded mound, and clusters of soft white to pale pink flowers appear from late winter into spring, followed by small dark berries.
Oriental Pearl grows to just 1-1.5 metres tall and wide, holding a neat uniform shape with minimal pruning. The compact form makes it ideal for low clipped hedges, narrow borders, mass plantings, and container planting, particularly where space is limited and a formal finish is wanted.
Oriental Pearl thrives across most Australian climates in full sun to part shade, tolerating heat, coastal exposure, salt spray, light frost, and a wide range of well-drained soils. It is both drought tolerant and salt tolerant once established, making it a reliable low-maintenance choice for coastal and low-water gardens.
About Rhaphiolepis indica 'Oriental Pearl'
Rhaphiolepis indica 'Oriental Pearl' grows to 1-1.5 metres tall and wide, forming a naturally compact dense mound.
Oriental Pearl has a moderate growth rate of 20-40cm per year once established.
Yes. Oriental Pearl is one of the best compact evergreen shrubs for low hedges, borders, and mass plantings, holding a tidy rounded form with minimal pruning.
Oriental Pearl produces clusters of soft white to pale pink flowers from late winter into spring, followed by small dark berries.
Yes. Oriental Pearl is both drought tolerant and salt tolerant once established, making it well suited to coastal gardens and low-water landscapes.
Plant 50-70cm apart for a continuous low hedge, or 80cm-1 metre for a softer informal border.
Oriental Pearl thrives across most Australian climates in full sun to part shade, tolerating heat, coastal exposure, and a wide range of well-drained soils.
Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Silver Sheen' carries small shimmering silver-green leaves on near-black stems, giving a light airy screen that moves in the wind rather than reading as a solid green wall. It is one of the most widely specified screening plants in Australian landscape design for exactly that reason.
'Silver Sheen' grows to 4 to 6 metres tall but only 1.5 to 2 metres wide at 30 to 60 centimetres per year, which makes it a genuine solution for narrow beds along fence lines and between buildings where height is needed but width is not available. Small cream flowers appear in spring and are lightly fragrant.
'Silver Sheen' grows in full sun to part shade and tolerates light to moderate frost once established, performing from subtropical Queensland through Sydney, Melbourne, Gippsland and Adelaide. It clips well, holds density under regular trimming, and is equally effective as a formal hedge or a loose screen.
About Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Silver Sheen'
'Silver Sheen' grows to 4 to 6 metres tall and only 1.5 to 2 metres wide, which makes it one of the best options for narrow screening where a tall hedge is needed in a shallow bed.
It grows at 30 to 60 centimetres per year once established, reaching a usable screening height within three to four years with regular water and feeding.
It naturally holds to 1.5 to 2 metres wide and can be trimmed to under a metre with regular clipping, which is why it is so often used in tight side-boundary positions.
Plant 1 to 1.5 metres apart for a dense informal screen, or 80 centimetres apart for a tighter formal hedge. Closer spacing fills in faster but needs more trimming.
'Silver Sheen' handles light to moderate frost once established. Young plants benefit from protection through their first winter in colder inland districts.
Yes. It performs in full sun through to part shade. In shadier positions growth is slightly more open, which suits a softer informal screen.
It performs from subtropical Queensland through Northern NSW, Sydney, the South Coast and tablelands, Melbourne and surrounds, the Western District, Gippsland and Adelaide.
Melaleuca nesophila, the Showy Honey Myrtle, is an evergreen Australian native shrub to small tree from the south coast of Western Australia. Fine grey green foliage sits on a dense rounded frame over papery bark, and mauve to pink pom pom flowers cover the outer growth through spring and summer.
Mature width is 2 to 4 metres, with height usually settling around 3 to 5 metres, and growth of 30 to 60 centimetres a year. It wants full sun and takes sand, limestone, gravel and moderately heavy soils. Salt wind, drought and light to moderate frost are all handled once the roots are down.
This is a screening and hedging plant first, used along boundaries, on coastal blocks and through council road reserves where conditions are hard and maintenance budgets are thin. Space it at 1 to 1.5 metres for an informal screen. It gives colour, density and habitat value from one low input plant.
About Showy Honey Myrtle
Melaleuca nesophila, or Showy Honey Myrtle, is an evergreen Australian native shrub to small tree from southern Western Australia. It has fine grey green foliage, a dense rounded habit and soft papery bark, and carries mauve to pink pom pom flowers through spring and summer that age to a soft grey.
It spreads 2 to 4 metres wide and generally reaches 3 to 5 metres tall in a garden, though regular trimming will hold it lower. Growth is moderate to fast at around 30 to 60 centimetres a year, so a screen planted from advanced stock closes over within three or four seasons.
For a dense informal screen, plant 1 to 1.5 metres apart. For a tighter formal hedge, bring that in to 80 centimetres. As a feature tree, allow 3 to 4 metres so the full canopy and form can develop, or 3 metres apart along an avenue for a uniform, soft textured line.
Yes, it is one of the better coastal Melaleucas. It tolerates salt laden wind, sandy and limestone soils, and exposed front line positions once established, which is why it is planted so widely along the southern coastline. In very exposed sites it will lean with the prevailing wind, and most people like the result.
The main flush runs through spring and into summer, roughly September to January. Flowers open mauve to purple pink in dense rounded heads across the outer foliage, then age to grey and stay on the plant. Bees and honeyeaters work it heavily while it is out, so expect plenty of activity.
It handles light to moderate frost once established, which covers most coastal and near coastal parts of southern Australia. Young plants are more vulnerable in their first winter, so plant in autumn or early spring and keep them out of low frost hollows. Hard, repeated inland frost will burn new growth.
Tip prune after flowering to keep it dense and stop the base going bare. It takes a hard cut back if it becomes leggy, though remove no more than about a third at a time. Water through the first summer, then it is largely self sufficient. Use a low phosphorus native fertiliser in spring on poor soils.
Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Balls' is Star Jasmine grown and clipped into a dense evergreen sphere. The small glossy leaves sit tight on a woody framework, holding a clean rounded outline year round. White pinwheel flowers open in spring and carry a strong sweet scent right across a courtyard.
Ball specimens hold at about 1 to 1.5 metres tall and wide with light clipping. Full sun to part shade suits them, in any free draining soil. Growth is slow to moderate at 30 to 50 centimetres a year. They handle coastal exposure, light frost and dry spells once the roots are down.
Repeat them along a driveway, either side of an entry, or in pots on a terrace where a formal shape is wanted straight away. They read as structure in a planting scheme without the height of a hedge, and because the form is already trained, a new garden looks settled from the day it goes in.
About Star Jasmine Balls
They are Trachelospermum jasminoides, the common Star Jasmine, grown and clipped into a dense evergreen sphere on a woody framework. Instead of climbing, the plant is trained into a self supporting rounded shape. The foliage is small, glossy and dark green, and the plant carries scented white flowers through spring.
They hold at roughly 1 to 1.5 metres tall and 1 to 1.5 metres wide. Growth is slow to moderate at 30 to 50 centimetres a year, so a light clip once or twice a year keeps the ball tight at whatever size within that range suits the setting.
Full sun to part shade both work. Full sun gives the densest foliage and the heaviest flowering, while part shade produces slightly softer, more open growth and fewer flowers. Avoid deep shade, where the ball thins out and loses its outline. Morning sun with afternoon protection suits hot inland gardens.
Yes, and pots are one of the main uses. A container 50 to 60 centimetres wide with a quality free draining mix will hold a ball for years. Water more often than you would in the ground, especially in summer, and feed in spring and again in late summer. Refresh the mix every few years.
Yes, the foliage is held year round. The glossy dark green leaves take on a bronze tinge in cold weather and green up again in spring, but the plant never goes bare. That is what makes it useful as permanent structure in a scheme, particularly in winter once perennials have died back.
Flowering runs through spring, roughly September to November, and often carries into early summer in warmer districts. The white pinwheel flowers are small but produced in quantity, and the scent is strong on still evenings. Flowering is heaviest on plants in full sun that were not clipped hard just before bud set.
Clip lightly with hedging shears once after flowering and again in late summer if needed, taking only the new growth to keep the outline crisp. Water deeply in dry weather, mulch the base, and feed in early spring. The sap is milky and can irritate skin, so wear gloves when trimming.
Westringia fruticosa, Coastal Rosemary, is an Australian native evergreen shrub from the headlands and dunes of the east coast. It builds a dense rounded bush of fine grey green leaves held in whorls, with small white to pale lilac flowers. Despite the common name it is not the culinary herb.
Mature plants sit at 1.5 to 2 metres tall and 1.5 to 2 metres wide, growing 30 to 60 centimetres a year, and they clip smaller without complaint. Full sun to part shade and sharp drainage are the requirements. Salt wind, sandy soil, drought and light to moderate frost are all handled.
It is a standard on coastal projects, road verges, council garden beds and exposed banks that need erosion cover. Plant 1 to 1.5 metres apart for an informal screen, or 80 centimetres for a clipped hedge. A single plant fills a 40 to 50 centimetre pot on a courtyard or balcony.
About Coastal Rosemary
Westringia fruticosa is an Australian native evergreen shrub from the headlands and dunes of the east coast. It forms a dense rounded bush of fine grey green leaves held in whorls, with small white to pale lilac flowers. Despite the common name it is not culinary rosemary and is not used in cooking.
Mature plants reach 1.5 to 2 metres tall and 1.5 to 2 metres wide. It clips readily to smaller dimensions and is often maintained at around a metre as a hedge or a low mound. Growth is moderate, roughly 30 to 60 centimetres a year, so it holds a trimmed shape well.
It is one of the best shrubs available for exposed coastal work. It grows naturally on sea cliffs and copes with salt laden wind, sand and reflected heat. It is used constantly on beachfront reserves, dune stabilisation projects and seaside gardens where little else holds a tidy shape.
The main flush is spring and summer, roughly September through February, with scattered flowering at other times of the year in mild districts. The flowers are small, white to pale lilac and sit among the foliage rather than above it. Clipped hedges flower less than plants left to grow informally.
Space plants 80 centimetres apart for a tight formal hedge, or 1 to 1.5 metres apart for a dense informal screen. On banks and batters used for erosion cover, 1 metre in a staggered grid gives full ground coverage within about two growing seasons.
Yes. A pot 40 to 50 centimetres wide suits a single plant for a courtyard, entry or balcony. Use a free draining mix, because the roots will not tolerate sitting wet. Container plants need watering more often than those in the ground, plus a light trim to hold their shape.
Trim lightly two or three times a year, taking the soft new growth and avoiding cuts into bare old wood, which reshoots poorly. Water through the first summer, then only in extended dry spells. On most soils it needs no feeding at all, and it resents heavy watering and poor drainage.
Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea', the Golden Ash, is a deciduous tree with a rounded, spreading crown carried on smooth grey branches. New shoots and winter twigs are yellow, and the pinnate leaves open a soft lime gold before holding a clear yellow into autumn. Dark purple flower clusters appear on bare wood in spring.
It takes full sun to partial shade and grows in most soils, including heavy clay and the compacted ground common on urban sites, provided water does not sit around the roots. Cool temperate and cold districts suit it and it handles heavy frost. Growth is 30 to 60 centimetres a year, and the tree is bare through winter.
It reaches 12 to 15 metres tall and 8 to 10 metres wide, which makes it a canopy tree for parks, avenues, wide verges and larger gardens. The yellow foliage reads from a distance, so it holds a position at the end of a driveway or across a lawn. Beyond formative pruning in the early years, it asks for little.
About Golden Ash
Golden Ash is Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea', a selected form of the European Common Ash grown for colour rather than size. The pinnate foliage carries a golden tone through the season and turns clear yellow in autumn, and the young twigs stay yellow through winter once the leaves drop. It makes a rounded, spreading canopy tree.
Allow for 12 to 15 metres in height and 8 to 10 metres in width at maturity. It is smaller and slower than the plain green Common Ash, but it is still a full sized canopy tree and should not be planted under powerlines or hard against a boundary. Give it clear ground and it will develop an even, rounded crown.
Full sun gives the strongest leaf colour and the densest crown, and it is the position to aim for. The tree also grows in partial shade, though the golden tone fades towards plain green and the habit becomes more open. Avoid deep shade under existing large trees, where growth is slow and the form draws up thin and uneven.
Yes. Golden Ash defoliates through the colder months, dropping its leaves after the autumn display and staying bare until buds break in spring. The yellow winter twigs and grey bark carry the tree visually through that period. The bare season is useful where you want winter sun into a house or a courtyard and shade over summer.
Yes, and comfortably so. It is a cold climate European species that handles heavy, frequent frost and cold winters without damage, which is why it is widely planted through Victoria, Tasmania, the ACT and the tablelands of New South Wales. It is more troubled by hot, dry inland summers than by cold, so water it through heatwaves.
It is used as a street and avenue tree where the reserve is wide and there is nothing overhead. The trunk lifts cleanly, the canopy is high branching once formative pruning is done, and it copes with compacted soil and urban conditions. Narrow verges, powerlines and close building setbacks rule it out, since the crown reaches 8 to 10 metres across.
Prune in late winter while the tree is dormant and the branch structure is visible. In the first few years select one strong leader and remove competing stems, then progressively lift the lower branches to the clearance you need. Mature trees only need deadwood and crossing limbs taken out. Water deeply through summer and mulch, keeping the mulch off the trunk.
Liquidambar styraciflua, the Sweetgum, is one of the most spectacular autumn-colour trees available for Australian gardens. The glossy star-shaped foliage holds rich green through summer, then transitions to a brilliant blend of yellow, orange, red and deep burgundy in autumn, often holding colour for several weeks.
Sweetgum grows to 12-20 metres tall and 8-12 metres wide with an upright pyramidal form that broadens with age. The straight trunk, strong branching, and dependable colour make it an excellent shade tree and feature specimen for medium to large gardens, parks, and avenue plantings.
Sweetgum performs best in cool to temperate regions including VIC, NSW, ACT, Tasmania, and elevated parts of SA and WA, where cool autumns produce the strongest colour. It tolerates frost and moderate drought once established. Keep it clear of paving, as the spiky seed pods drop in autumn.
About Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Liquidambar styraciflua grows to 12-20 metres tall and 8-12 metres wide with an upright pyramidal form that broadens with age.
Sweetgum is moderately fast-growing, adding 60cm to 1 metre per year once established.
Glossy green star-shaped foliage transitions to a spectacular blend of yellow, orange, red and deep burgundy in autumn (April to June across southern Australia), often holding colour for several weeks.
Yes. Sweetgum is fully deciduous, dropping its colourful autumn foliage in winter to reveal a sculptural branching structure.
Sweetgum suits medium to large gardens, parks, and street planting due to its mature size. Allow room for the canopy and keep it clear of paving, as the spiky seed pods drop in autumn.
Sweetgum performs best in cool to temperate regions including VIC, NSW, ACT, Tasmania, and elevated parts of SA and WA, where cool autumns produce the strongest colour.
Plant 5-8 metres apart for a full canopy avenue, or 4 metres for a denser shade screen.
Acer rubrum 'October Glory' - Canadian Maple is a tall, deciduous tree with a broad, symmetrical canopy and strong vertical structure. Glossy green foliage transitions to vivid red and violet in late autumn, often lasting longer than other red maple cultivars. Small red flowers appear in early spring before the leaves emerge.
They look excellent in avenue plantings, along driveways, or as feature trees in large landscapes where late-season colour and reliable shade are important. With moderate to fast growth and consistent form, this cultivar suits a wide range of civic and residential applications requiring autumn impact and minimal structural pruning.
Ideal for temperate regions where dependable colour and form are essential.
About Acer rubrum 'October Glory' Canadian Maple
October Glory grows to 10-15 metres tall and 8-10 metres wide, with a broad symmetrical canopy and strong vertical structure.
October Glory has a moderate to fast growth rate, adding 60cm-1 metre per year in good conditions.
Glossy green foliage transitions to vivid red and violet in late autumn, typically May to June across southern Australia, often holding colour longer than other red maple cultivars.
Yes. October Glory is fully deciduous, dropping its colourful autumn foliage in winter and producing small red flowers in early spring before new leaves emerge.
Plant 5-8 metres apart for a full canopy avenue, or 3-4 metres for a denser shade screen.
October Glory thrives in cool to temperate regions, performing well in VIC, NSW, ACT, Tasmania, and parts of WA. It tolerates a wider range of climates than many other maples.
October Glory has a spreading, fairly shallow root system rather than an aggressive tap root, and it is not regarded as a problem tree in most home gardens. It does need room. Allow at least 4 to 5 metres from paths, paving and drainage lines so the surface roots and the broad mature canopy can develop without lifting hard surfaces.
Acer × freemanii 'Jeffersred', sold as Autumn Blaze, is a fast growing deciduous hybrid maple with a strong central leader, an upright oval crown and clean lobed foliage. Its reputation rests on autumn colour, when the whole canopy turns an even red orange, holding that colour for several weeks before leaf fall.
It wants full sun and deep soil with reliable moisture, and it grows well on clay provided drainage is adequate. Growth is fast at 1 to 1.5 metres a year while young. The tree is fully frost hardy and suits cool and temperate districts, though it needs summer water in hot inland positions.
This is a tree for avenues, streetscapes, large gardens, parks and civic open space, planted where reliable autumn colour and a uniform canopy shape matter. Nurseries and councils favour it because trees come true to form and colour up consistently even in warmer zones. Allow 8 to 10 metres between trees for full canopy.
About Autumn Blaze Maple
Autumn Blaze is a named cultivar of Acer × freemanii, a hybrid between the American Red Maple and Silver Maple. It combines the strong branch structure and brilliant autumn colour of Red Maple with the vigour and adaptability of Silver Maple. It is a deciduous shade and avenue tree, propagated vegetatively so every tree performs alike.
At maturity it reaches 12 to 20 metres tall and 9 to 12 metres wide, forming a broad upright oval crown. It is a large tree and needs to be sited accordingly, well clear of buildings, overhead services and small courtyards. Given room and good soil it reaches usable canopy size within about eight years.
Growth is fast, around 1 to 1.5 metres a year while the tree is young and well watered, which is why it is chosen for projects that need canopy quickly. Growth slows as the crown matures. The speed comes with softer wood than a slow grown maple, so early formative pruning is worth the effort.
It is deciduous. The tree drops its leaves through the colder months and leafs out again in spring, which lets winter sun through to buildings and paving beneath it. That seasonal cycle is part of its value in streetscapes and around houses, giving summer shade and winter light from the same tree.
Autumn colour comes through in autumn, generally April into May in southern Australia, with the timing shifting a few weeks depending on the district and the season. The turn is quick and remarkably even across the whole crown, moving from green to red orange. Cool nights ahead of leaf fall produce the strongest colour.
The root system is vigorous and largely shallow, inherited from its Silver Maple parent, so it should not be planted close to paving, drains or building footings. Given 3 to 4 metres of clearance from hard surfaces and a decent soil volume it causes no trouble. Deep, infrequent watering encourages roots down rather than out.
Water deeply through the first three summers, particularly in hot inland districts, and mulch widely to keep the root zone cool. Formative prune in the first few years to hold a single leader and remove narrow, tight forks before they become weak limbs. Stake young trees in exposed sites and remove ties after two seasons.
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Fraxinus americana, known as White Ash, is a large deciduous tree with an upright trunk and a broad, spreading crown. The pinnate leaves are dark green above and pale beneath, colouring through purple, burgundy and gold in autumn. Clusters of small purple flowers open on bare wood in spring, ahead of the new foliage.
Give it full sun and a deep, free draining soil, with steady water through the first few summers. It is frost hardy and comes through heavy, frequent frost undamaged, which suits cool temperate and inland areas including Victoria, Tasmania, the tablelands and the ACT. Growth is moderate to fast at 80 to 120 centimetres a year.
At 15 to 20 metres tall and 10 to 15 metres wide, this is a tree for open ground: parks, reserves, rural driveways, school grounds and large gardens. It needs room to spread and clear space above for the crown to develop. Where that space exists it returns deep summer shade and a long autumn display for generations.
About White Ash
White Ash is the common name for Fraxinus americana, a deciduous shade tree from eastern North America. It carries pinnate leaves on a straight trunk and a wide, high branching canopy, and it is grown here mainly for its autumn colour, which runs through purple and burgundy to gold. It is a long lived tree rather than a quick fix.
Mature trees reach 15 to 20 metres tall with a canopy 10 to 15 metres wide. That size takes decades, and in average garden soil the tree often settles at the lower end of the range. Allow the full width when siting it, because a crown of that size cannot be pruned back to fit a small space later.
Growth is moderate to fast, around 80 to 120 centimetres a year through the establishment years on good soil with adequate water. It slows as the tree puts energy into trunk and crown structure. Poor drainage, competition from turf and dry summers all reduce that figure, so mulch and water well for the first three seasons.
Yes. White Ash is frost hardy and survives heavy and frequent frost without damage, which is why it performs well in the southern tablelands, alpine valleys and cold inland towns. Being deciduous, it is bare when the hardest frosts arrive, so the buds and wood carry the load rather than soft foliage. Late spring frost may burn new leaves briefly.
Autumn colour usually develops from April into June depending on how cool the district is. The leaves shift from dark green to purple and burgundy, often with gold and bronze in the same canopy, then fall over a few weeks. Cold nights and a dry autumn sharpen the colour; warm coastal autumns give a softer result.
The root system is vigorous and largely shallow, spreading well beyond the canopy line in search of water. Keep the tree a good distance from house footings, paving, retaining walls and sewer or stormwater lines, and avoid planting it in narrow garden beds. In open lawn, park or paddock situations the roots cause no trouble.
Water deeply through the first three summers and keep a mulch ring clear of the trunk. Prune in late winter while the tree is bare, removing crossing limbs and any competing leaders to build one strong central trunk. Once established it needs little beyond removing deadwood. Raking or mulching the autumn leaf fall is usually the main ongoing job.
